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Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar (15 February 1899 – 14 January 1990) was a celebrated master performance artist and Sanskrit scholar from Kerala, South India, considered to be the greatest Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam (ancient Sanskrit drama theatre tradition) artist and authority of modern times.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Spectrum )〕 He was considered as the authority of ''Abhinaya'' (the classical Indian acting style) and ''Nātyaśāstra''. Known as "the Emperor of Rasa-Abhinaya",〔Akavur Narayanan, ''Shatam Jiva Sharadah'', Mathrubhumi weekly, March (15–21) 1987, p. 20.〕 he had an exceptional ability to perform ''Rasa-Abhinaya''.〔enacting different sentiments in their perfection〕 His ''Netrābhinaya''〔enacting different sentiments, etc. through the beautiful and masterly movements of eyes only〕 was world famous and he had the ability to act only with eyes. He was well versed in all the traditional Koodiyattams and all the ''prabandhas'' used in Chakyar Koothu. He was able to explain the concepts, methods and practices of Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu in a clear and authentic way. He had an in depth study of ''Nātyaśāstra'' of Bharata Muni, as well as ways of acting which were popular in Kerala. His knowledge and mastery over both theory and practice of Koodiyattam were superb. He was a veteran teacher and practitioner of these art forms and Sanskrit. He was the first one to take Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu outside the precincts of the temples of Kerala to all over India and to impart training in Kudiyattam to non-Chakyar disciples including foreigners. He had produced many disciples in Kutiyattam and other classical arts like Kathakali.〔 He was a Sanskrit scholar and was used to give lectures and talks in Sanskrit. He is the author of ''Nātyakalpadrumam'' – an encyclopaedic treatise on all aspects of Koodiyattam. He was a Fellow of national art academies including Sangeet Natak Akademi〔supreme state art academy of Govt. of India〕 and recipient of coveted titles like "''Nātyāchārya''", "''Vidūshakaratnam''" and awards including Padma Shri and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. ==Early life and education== Māni Mādhava Chākyār was born on 15 February 1899, in his ancestral home at Thiruvangayoor near Karayad, of Kozhikode district of Kerala. His father was Vishnu Śarma and mother was Savithri Illotamma. He belonged to the ''Māni'' family of Chakyars of North Kerala, who for centuries have been the custodians of Koodiyattam – the traditional Sanskrit theatre and Chakyar Koothu – another classical art form based on Sanskrit Champu Kavyas. He trained in Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam in traditional way, under the direct guidance of his uncles who were great scholars and masters of these art forms. They were Guru Māni Parameswara Chakyar, Guru Māni Neelakandha Chakyar and Guru Māni Narayana Chakyar.〔 He belonged to the "Mani" tradition of Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu which gives importance to both ''Rasa-abhinaya'' and ''Vachika-abhinaya''. He was a Sanskrit scholar of supreme rank. He used to give lectures in Sanskrit. He studied ''Alankarashastra'', ''Nātyaśāstra'', ''Vyakarana'', ''Nyaya'', ''Jyotisha'', etc. in the traditional way, under scholars such as ''Panditaratnam'' Pazhedathu Sankaran Nampoothiripad. He was the student of His Highness Darsanakalanidhi Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran (Maharaja of Cochin). He had his higher studies in ''Nyayashastra'' and ''Natya Shastra'' under him. Mani Madhava Chakyar taught Sanskrit at Balakollasini Sanskrita Pathasala of Killikkurussimangalam. His first performance (''Arangettam'') of Koodiyattam was at the age of 14 at ''Trikkaikkunnu Temple'' of North Kottayam of Malabar. He used to perform the huge number of ''Atiyantara koothu''s of Mani family (the koothus which are assigned to the family from ancient times) in large number of temples stretching entire Malabar to Thrissur. It consist of all devotional ritualistic Koothus and Kudiyattams including ''Anguliyanka'', ''Mattavilasa Prahasana'', ''Mantranka'', ''Ezhamanka'' ( seventh act of ''Ascharyachoodamani'') about eight decades continuously in temples of Kerala. It includes ancient Kerala temples such as Matayikkavu Bhagavathi Temple of Kannoor, Taliparamba Rajarajeshwara Temple, Kottiyoor Perumal Temple, Lokanarkavu Temple of Vatakara, Thali (Tali) Siva Temple of Kozhikode, Thirunavaya Navamukunda temple, Thiruvegappura Sree Mahadeva Temple, Pandamangalam Krishna temple of Kottakkal, Kotakkal Vishwambhara (Shiva) temple, Kallekkulagara Emoor Siva temple, Triprayar Sri Rama temple, Peruvanam Shiva temple of Cherpu, Avittathur Shiva Temple etc. Chakyar won high renown for the artistry of his performance in these temples, as well as in many others. He married P.K Kunjimalu Nangiaramma, the daughter of his uncle, Mani Parameshwara Chakyar. She was an exponent in lady characters of Kudiyattams and Nangiǎr Kūthu and various Ragas and Shlokas used for the art form. She used to accompany him in the performances. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mani Madhava Chakyar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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